http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061128083939.htm

Halving  Daily Cigarette Quota Has No Health Benefit

ScienceDaily  (Nov. 29, 2006)  — Halving the number of cigarettes smoked every day in the belief that it will  stave off an early death makes no difference, suggests research in Tobacco  Control.
  Although reducing  consumption may have a place as a temporary measure in smoking cessation, this  study proves quite clearly that the only safe way out of the risk caused by  smoking is to quit, say the authors.
  They base their findings on  more than 51,000 men and women, all of whom were aged between 20 and 34 at the  start of the study.
  Participants were initially  assessed for cardiovascular risk factors, and then screened again twice at an  interval of three to 10 years, adding up to an average monitoring period of  over two decades.
  Participants were  classified as never smokers; ex smokers, quitters (those who gave up between  the first and second check); moderate smokers (1 to 14 cigarettes daily);  reducers (more than 15 cigarettes a day, cut by more than half at the second  check); and heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes a day).
  Among men, deaths from lung  cancer and cancers associated with smoking were not significantly lower in  those who had cut back compared with heavy smokers. But this was not true of  women who cut back, where the reverse was true.
  And men who cut back only  had slightly lower death rates from all causes combined than the heavy smokers  during the first 15 years. After that, death rates were comparable.
  And there were no  significant differences in death rates from specific causes, including early  death from cardiovascular disease, among women who cut back their daily  consumption, compared with those who continued to smoke heavily.
  Women who cut back actually  had higher death rates from all causes combined than heavy smokers.
  The authors conclude that  long term monitoring provides no evidence that heavy smokers, who halve their  daily cigarette consumption, significantly cut their risk of early death. They  add that people may be misled if they are advised that cutting back will help  them stave off disease.
  Adapted from materials  provided by BMJ Specialty Journals.

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